区域森林资源可持续发展评价指标体系浅谈

通过分析研究各国的森林可持续发展的评价指标体系,以可持续发展理论为指导,结合区域森林资源的特点,探讨了构建区域森林资源可持续发展评价指标体系的原则,结构,方法。     

基于遥感和GIS的城市绿地景观格局分析

运用景观生态学原理,借助遥感和GIS技术,选取了绿地景观构成、景观多样性、优势度、廊道密度和分维数等指数,分析了深圳特区城市绿地景观的空间格局。结果表明:整个研究区内的绿地类型以公园绿地和风景名胜区绿地为主,城市绿地廊道主要是道路交通绿地廊道,特区内绿地景观多样性相对丰富,所占比例相对均匀,分维数居于中等水平。     

几种药剂浸种处理对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用黄腐酸盐、绿风95、稀土、爱多收、油菜素内酯等几种药剂对西瓜进行浸种处理,测定其对西瓜幼苗某些生长、生理指标的影响。结果表明:采用几种药剂处理后,与相应的对照相比,均可提高叶绿素含量、增加根系活力、促进幼苗生长,从而有利于西瓜的壮苗培育。从几种药剂处理对西瓜的营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以爱多收处理为最好。     

平欧杂种榛主栽品种需冷量、需热量研究

[目的]揭示平欧杂种榛主栽品种的需冷量和需热量,更好地指导生产做好区域化栽培。[方法]本研究以16个平欧杂种榛主栽品种的1年生枝条为试材,以野生平榛1年生枝条为对照,通过水培观察的方法,首次对平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花序和叶芽进行需冷量和需热量研究。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛不同器官的需冷量由低到高依次为雄花序336 1 176 h、雌花序504 1 344 h、叶芽672 1 512 h;需热量由低到高依次为雄花序687.0 998.5GDH℃、雌花序998.5 3 496.1 GDH℃、叶芽2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH℃;不同品种、器官在刚满足最低蓄冷要求时需热量最高,随着蓄冷时间的延长,需热量逐渐减少。[结论]首次报道了平欧杂种榛主栽品种雄、雌花序和叶芽的需冷量和需热量数据,其中,达维、平欧48号等品种花器官需冷量较低,辽榛2号、平欧545号等品种花器官需冷量较高;玉坠、平欧69号等品种花器官需热量较低,辽榛1号、辽榛4号等品种花器官需热量较高,上述研究丰富了榛属植物开花和休眠解除方面的数据,可为平欧杂种榛的引种和栽培提供参考。     

Semisynthesis and pharmacological investigation of lipo-alkaloids prepared from aconitine

Processed aconite drugs are widely used in Eastern medicine as painkillers and antirheumatic agents. It is known that the traditional processing of aconite drugs increases the amount of lipo-alkaloids. In order to obtain information about the pharmacological potential of these compounds, semisynthesis of 9 aconitine-derived lipo-alkaloids was carried out and their COX-1, COX-2 and LTB₄ formation inhibitory activities were investigated. It was found that compounds esterified with unsaturated fatty acids demonstrated significant COX-2 inhibitory effects, while in the COX-1 assay only 14-benzoylaconine-8-O-eicosapentaenoate exerted remarkable activity. The inhibition of LTB₄ formation was pronounced in cases of long chain fatty acid derivatives.     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

应用热扩散式探针法对南方红壤丘陵区湿地松人工林耗水量的研究

运用Granier热扩散式探针法对湿地松(Pinus elliottii)树干液流密度进行长期连续测定,并对其周围多个气象要素和土壤要素进行同步测定。湿地松生长旺季不同月份晴天液流密度日变化规律基本一致,但液流启动、到达峰值的时间以及开始升高、开始下降的时间间隔存在差异。样木解析结果表明,处于低龄期的湿地松,整个木质部都可看作边材,边材面积和胸径可用二次函数很好地拟合。方差分析结果表明:不同胸径湿地松树干液流密度不存在显著性差异,与胸径无紧密关系。回归分析结果表明:湿地松日累计液流量与边材面积呈显著的线性相关关系,相关关系的判定系数达0.99。另外,单位边材面积日累计液流量与入选各气象因素的相关性显著,相关程度大小顺序为光合有效辐射>冠层相对湿度>冠层温度。结合边材面积-胸径回归方程和样木胸径调查资料,分别采用2种方法推算整个标准地的耗水量。经比较,2种方法所得结果差别不大,各自适用于一定的范围。     

不同光质对长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生长及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

对不同光质条件下长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性水平进行检测,探讨长鞭红景天次生代谢和环境调节之间的相关性.结果表明:1)长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞生物量变化为S型曲线,6～9 d进入直线生长期,PAL活性也表现出一定的规律性,在细胞指数生长期急剧上升,至细胞干质量最大时,活性最大,生长停止期时急速下降至初始水平;2)不同光质在较长时间辐射处理下,长鞭红景天悬浮细胞生物量表现出一定的差异,PAL活性也随之不同,其中长时间的红光处理有利于酶活性的提高,但生物量显著低于白光处理.     

PVC管道或砌护渠道输水与开沟灌溉相结合的造林方法及效果

开沟灌溉造林与大田平灌相比，具有总体用水量少，局部给水量多的特点，能够显著地提高灌溉效率，提高造林成活率和林木生长量。同时，利用管道和砌护渠道输水，可防止渗漏，提高水的利用率。